{"id":1271,"date":"2024-12-01T10:48:27","date_gmt":"2024-12-01T08:48:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kvant.ee\/?post_type=oppematerjal&#038;p=1271"},"modified":"2024-12-05T09:52:45","modified_gmt":"2024-12-05T07:52:45","slug":"quantum-communication","status":"publish","type":"oppematerjal","link":"https:\/\/kvant.ee\/en\/learning-material\/quantum-communication\/","title":{"rendered":"Quantum communication"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Kvantside seisneb andmete ja informatsiooni turvalises edastamises kvantf\u00fc\u00fcsika p\u00f5him\u00f5tete abil. Levinud kr\u00fcptograafiameetodid tuginevad keerukatele matemaatilistele lahendusk\u00e4ikudele, mis v\u00f5ivad kvantarvutite all kergelt murduda. Kvantside seevastu pakub t\u00e4iesti uut viisi andmete turvamiseks, kasutades kvantf\u00fc\u00fcsikat, et tagada andmete oluliselt raskemini murtav kr\u00fcpteerimine ja pealtkuulamatu edastus. Kvantv\u00f5tmete jaotus (QKD \u2013 <em>Quantum Key Distribution<\/em>) on oluline kvanttehnoloogia, mis pakub k\u00f5rgematasemelist turvalisust ja v\u00f5imaldab andmevahetust viisil, milles k\u00f5rvalistel osalistel on t\u00e4naste teadmiste juures v\u00f5imatu andmeid pealt kuulata, j\u00e4\u00e4des tuvastamata.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-custom-3-font-size\" id=\"kuidas-qkd-toimib\">Kuidas QKD toimib?\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>QKD ehk kvantv\u00f5tmete jagamine p\u00f5hineb kvantf\u00fc\u00fcsikalisel \u00fclestusel ja m\u00f5\u00f5tmise muutlikkusel. QKD-s levitatakse kr\u00fcptograafilisi v\u00f5tmeid kvantosakeste, n\u00e4iteks footonite kaudu, mille olekud v\u00f5ivad eksisteerida superpositsioonis ehk \u00fclestuses. Kui keegi \u00fcritab neid footoneid j\u00e4litada neid m\u00f5\u00f5tes, muutub footonite olek ja seel\u00e4bi teavitatakse s\u00fcsteemi, et andmed on ohus.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>QKD s\u00fcsteemi t\u00fc\u00fcpiliseks n\u00e4iteks on BB84 protokoll, kus kaks osalist vahetavad footonite olekutega seotud kr\u00fcptov\u00f5tmeid. Kui keegi \u00fcritab footoneid j\u00e4litada, p\u00f5hjustab see v\u00f5tme moondumise, mida kaks algset osalist saavad automaatselt tuvastada, et peatada andmeedastus ja tagada v\u00f5tme turvalisus.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-custom-3-font-size\" id=\"kvantv\u00f5tme-jagamise-qkd-selgitus\">Kvantv\u00f5tme jagamise (QKD) selgitus<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>QKD t\u00f6\u00f6p\u00f5him\u00f5te on, et kvantolekuid pole v\u00f5imalik matkida ega m\u00f5\u00f5ta nende olekuid muutmata. Osalised, kes vahetavad v\u00f5tmeid QKD abil, saavad veenduda, et nendevaheline side on puhas ja turvaline. Kui keegi p\u00fc\u00fcab suhtlust pealt kuulata, moonutub kvantolek, mis on osalistele kohe teada. Seet\u00f5ttu on QKD \u00e4\u00e4rmiselt usaldusv\u00e4\u00e4re meetod, sest andmete turvalisus pole seotud matemaatiliste \u00fclesannete lahendamise keerukusega, vaid kvantf\u00fc\u00fcsika p\u00f5hiseadustega.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>QKD-d l\u00f5imitakse olemasolevate kr\u00fcptograafiameetoditega, et luua h\u00fcbriids\u00fcsteeme, kus andmeturve on mitmekihiline ja vastupidav erinevate r\u00fcnnakute suhtes, sh tulevikukvantarvutite suhtes.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-custom-3-font-size\" id=\"qkd-eelised-ja-puudused\">QKD eelised ja puudused<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>QKD pakub \u00fclimat turvalisust, sest k\u00f5ik katsed andmeid j\u00e4lgida on otsekohe n\u00e4ha. Kvantf\u00fc\u00fcsika tagab, et m\u00f5\u00f5tmine muudab kvantbittide olekuid. Sellest johtuvalt saavad osalised olla kindlad, et seni, kuni ei esine h\u00e4ireid, on v\u00f5ti rikkumata. Seep\u00e4rast on QKD sisuliselt murdmatu, tagades andmete konfidentsiaalsuse isegi kvantarvutite levimisel.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>QKD on pikaajaliselt vastupidav. Kui kvantarvutid suudavad tulevikus murda seniseid kr\u00fcptograafilisi meetodeid, p\u00fcsib QKD turvalisena, sest ei p\u00f5hine kr\u00fcptograafiliste algoritmide keerukusel.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>QKD on paraku tehniliselt keerukas ja kallis ning n\u00f5uab erilist riistvara, n\u00e4iteks kvantoptilisi s\u00fcsteeme ja fotodetektoreid, mida on praegu kallis ja keeruline hooldada. Leviala on samuti piiratud \u2013 suurematel vahemaadel on vaja kvants\u00f5lmi v\u00f5i optilisi kiude, mida on t\u00e4na kallis ja keeruline teha.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-custom-3-font-size\" id=\"qkd-rakendused\">QKD rakendused<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>QKD on eriti kasulik valdkondades, kus andmeturve on esmat\u00e4htis. N\u00e4iteks on QKD rakendusvaldkonnaks julgeoleku- ja pangandussektor, kus andmete terviklikkus ja turvalisus on \u00e4\u00e4rmiselt oluline. QKD abil on v\u00f5imalik tagada, et finantstehingud ja tundlike andmete edastamine toimub turvaliselt.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rakendada v\u00f5iks ka valitsuste ja diplomaatiliste asutuste vahelises suhtluses, kus salastatud ja tundlike andmete turvalisus on \u00fclioluline. QKD abil saavad riigid tagada, et omavaheline suhtlus on kaitstud ja k\u00f5rvalistele isikutele k\u00e4ttesaamatu.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>QKD on rakendatav tervishoiusektoris, kus patsientide andmete turvaline edastamine ja hoiustamine on h\u00e4davajalik. L\u00f5puks, QKD edendab kvantinterneti arendamist, et luua tulevikus veelgi turvalisemaid ja kiiremaid andmesidev\u00f5rgustikke.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-custom-3-font-size\" id=\"kvantside-areng-eestis\">Kvantside areng Eestis<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Eesti on kvantside valdkonnas astumas esimesi samme, luues kvantside testv\u00f5rku. Eestil on tugev digitaalne infrastruktuur ja e-riigi lahendusteportfell, mist\u00f5ttu kvantsidet arendatakse, et tagada j\u00e4tkusuutlikku turvet. Eesti riigi-, teadusasutused ja k\u00f5rgkoolid tegelevad aktiivselt kvantsidetehnoloogia uurimise ja arendamisega, et tagada riiklik turvalisus ja innovatsioon.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>E-riigi kvantkr\u00fcptograafialahendused rajavad tulevikuks v\u00f5imekust saavutada sedav\u00f5rd k\u00f5rgkvaliteetne turbetase, mis tagab riigile, elanikele ja ettev\u00f5tetele senin\u00e4gematult turvalise andmevahetuse ja -halduse.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kvantside testv\u00f5rku arendavad Eestis Riigi Infokommunikatsiooni Sihtasutus, Majandus- ja Kommunikatsiooniministeerium ja AS Metrosert koost\u00f6\u00f6s teadusastuste ja erasektori partneritega.&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-1271","oppematerjal","type-oppematerjal","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Quantum communication - Kvant<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kvant.ee\/en\/learning-material\/quantum-communication\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Quantum communication - Kvant\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Kvantside seisneb andmete ja informatsiooni turvalises edastamises kvantf\u00fc\u00fcsika p\u00f5him\u00f5tete abil. 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